Dysmenorrhea, is also called painful periods, or menstrual cramps, is pain through menstruation. Its customary beginning happens around the time that menstruation starts. Symptoms generally last less than 3 days. The pain is generally in the pelvis or lower stomach. Other symptoms could consist of back pain, diarrhea, or nausea.

In young women painful periods frequently occur with no inherent issue. In elderly women it's more often because of an underlying problems like uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, or Infection. It's more prevalent among people that have heavy periods, irregular periods, whose periods began before twelve years old, or that have a very low body weight. A pelvic examination in those people who are sexually active and ultrasound might be beneficial to assist in identification. Conditions that should be ruled out include ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, interstitial cystitis, and chronic pelvic pain.

Dysmenorrhea happens less frequently in people who exercise frequently and people who have children early in life. Treatment may include using a heating pad. Medications that might help contain NSAIDs like ibuprofen, hormonal birth control, as well as the IUD using progestogen. Taking vitamin B or calcium might help. . Evidence for yoga, acupuncture, and massage is insufficient. Surgery could be helpful if specific inherent issues are found.

Dysmenorrhea is estimated to occur in 20 percent to 90 percent of women of reproductive growth. It's by far the most frequently encountered menstrual illness. Typically it begins within a year of this initial menstrual period. Whenever there's not any underlying cause frequently the pain improves with age or after giving birth to a kid.

Types of Dysmenorrhea Causes

There are two types of dysmenorrhea:

Primary dysmenorrhea Is menstrual pain that is not a symptom of an underlying gynecologic disease but is linked to the typical procedure of menstruation. Primary dysmenorrhea is the most typical kind of dysmenorrhea, affecting over 50 percent of women, and quite severe in roughly 15%. Primary dysmenorrhea is far more likely to affect women during adolescence. Luckily for many women, the issue eases as they grow, especially after a pregnancy. Even though it could be painful and sometimes painful for brief periods, it's not harmful. 

Secondary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that is generally related to some kind of gynecologic disorder. Most of these disorders can be easily treated with medications or surgery. Secondary dysmenorrhea is more likely to affect women during adulthood.

Dysmenorrhea Causes

Primary dysmenorrhea is supposed to be brought on by excessive levels of prostaglandins, hormones which cause your uterus contract through menstruation and childbirth. Its pain likely results in contractions of the uterus that occur when the blood supply to its lining (endometrium) is decreased.

Additional elements that might make the pain of primary dysmenorrhea even worse comprise a uterus which tilts backward (retroverted uterus) rather than forwards, lack of exercise, emotional or social anxiety, smoking, drinking alcohol, being overweight, and beginning menstruating before age 11.

Secondary dysmenorrhea may be caused by a number of conditions, including:

a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
endometriosis – fragments of the endometrial lining that are found on other pelvic organs
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is primarily an infection of the fallopian tubes, but can also affect the ovaries, uterus, and cervix
an ovarian cyst or tumour
the use of an intrauterine device (IUD), a birth control method
fibroids – benign tumours that develop within the uterine wall or are attached to it
adenomyosis – the tissue that lines the uterus (called the endometrium) begins to grow within its muscular walls
Symptoms of dysmenorrhea
The most important symptom of dysmenorrhea is pain. It happens on your lower abdomen during puberty and might also be sensed on your hips, lower back, or thighs. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lightheadedness, or overall achiness.

For the majority of women, the pain usually begins soon before or during their menstrual period, peaks following 24 hours, and subsides after two to three times. Sometimes clots or portions of bl**dy tissue in the lining of the uterus are expelled from the uterus, resulting in pain.

Dysmenorrhea pain may be spasmodic (sharp pelvic cramps at the start of menstrual flow) or congestive (deep, dull ache). The symptoms of secondary dysmenorrhea often start sooner in the menstrual cycle than those of primary dysmenorrhea, and usually last longer.

Treatment and prevention of dysmenorrhea

Primary dysmenorrhea is usually treated by drugs like an analgesic drug. Lots of women find relief using anti inflammatory anti inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen*, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).

Some physicians may prescribe hormone drugs. Oral contraceptives also can also lower the intensity of the signs. Nausea and vomiting might be alleviated using an antinausea (antiemetic) medicine, however, these symptoms usually disappear without treatment since cramps subside. Implantable contraception along with the Mirena IUD, which discharge low levels of this hormone progesterone, also have been proven to be quite useful in reducing pain.

In addition to the above, other non-medicinal treatments for the pain of dysmenorrhea include:

lying on your back, supporting your knees with a pillow
holding a heating pad or hot water bottle on your abdomen or lower back
taking a warm bath
gently massaging your abdomen
doing mild exercises like stretching, walking, or biking – exercise may improve blood flow and reduce pelvic pain
getting plenty of rest and avoiding stressful situations as your period approaches
yoga
having an orgasm


Source: https://aderonkebamidele.com/dysmenorrhea-causes-symptoms-treatment/